EAST PAKISTAN-WEST PAKISTAN
When India and Pakistan was partitioned as 2 independent nations , Pakistan had two geographically and culturally different Areas -West and East Pakistan , they were separated by 1000's of kilometers .Although the population of the two zones was close to equal, political power was concentrated in West Pakistan and it was widely perceived that East Pakistan was being exploited economically, Administration of two discontinuous territories was also seen as a challenge . Although East Pakistan had a larger population, West Pakistan dominated the divided country politically and received more money from the common budget.The situation reached a climax in 1970, when the Awami League, the largest East Pakistani political party, led by sheikh Mujibur Rahman , won a landslide victory in the national elections. The party won 167 of the 169 seats allotted to East Pakistan, and thus a majority of the 313 seats in the National Assembly. This gave the Awami League the constitutional right to form a government. But West Pakistan political leaders, people and military doesn't want a East Pakistan Party and Leader to Rule them .East Pakistan Political leader Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Preident Yahya khan promised for a Two Prime minister ship , But they didn't even accept Rahman's demand for withdrawing army from East Pakistan . Thus Rahman called for a Civil Rise against West Pakistan's dominance in East Pakistan,Which laid the foundation for Liberation of Bangladesh.
ATROCITIES BY PAKISTAN ARMY IN EAST PAKISTAN(BANGLADESH) :
Pakistan Army Launched a Military operation named 'Operation Searchlight' to curb the Bengali nationalist movement by taking control of the major cities , and then eliminating all opposition, political or military, within one month. Before the beginning of the operation, all foreign journalists were systematically deported from East Pakistan.
NIXON'S Political stand
INDIA ENTERS IN TO A DIRECT WAR
The United States supported Pakistan both politically and materially. US President Richard Nixon denied getting involved in the situation, saying that it was an internal matter of Pakistan, but when Pakistan's defeat seemed certain, Nixon sent the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise to the Bay of Bengal, a move deemed by the Indians as a nuclear threat. Enterprise arrived on station on 11 December 1971. On 6 and 13 December, theSoviet Navy dispatched two groups of ships, armed with nuclear missiles, from Vladivostok , after that USA retreated .
When India and Pakistan was partitioned as 2 independent nations , Pakistan had two geographically and culturally different Areas -West and East Pakistan , they were separated by 1000's of kilometers .Although the population of the two zones was close to equal, political power was concentrated in West Pakistan and it was widely perceived that East Pakistan was being exploited economically, Administration of two discontinuous territories was also seen as a challenge . Although East Pakistan had a larger population, West Pakistan dominated the divided country politically and received more money from the common budget.The situation reached a climax in 1970, when the Awami League, the largest East Pakistani political party, led by sheikh Mujibur Rahman , won a landslide victory in the national elections. The party won 167 of the 169 seats allotted to East Pakistan, and thus a majority of the 313 seats in the National Assembly. This gave the Awami League the constitutional right to form a government. But West Pakistan political leaders, people and military doesn't want a East Pakistan Party and Leader to Rule them .East Pakistan Political leader Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Preident Yahya khan promised for a Two Prime minister ship , But they didn't even accept Rahman's demand for withdrawing army from East Pakistan . Thus Rahman called for a Civil Rise against West Pakistan's dominance in East Pakistan,Which laid the foundation for Liberation of Bangladesh.
ATROCITIES BY PAKISTAN ARMY IN EAST PAKISTAN(BANGLADESH) :
Pakistan Army Launched a Military operation named 'Operation Searchlight' to curb the Bengali nationalist movement by taking control of the major cities , and then eliminating all opposition, political or military, within one month. Before the beginning of the operation, all foreign journalists were systematically deported from East Pakistan.
The operation also began the 1971 Bangladesh atrocities. These systematic killings served only to enrage the Bengalis, which ultimately resulted in the secession of East Pakistan later in the same year. The international media and reference books in English have published casualty figures which vary greatly, from 5,000–35,000 in Dhaka, and 200,000–3,000,000 for Bangladesh as a whole, and the atrocities have been referred to as acts of Genocide.
At a meeting of the military top brass, Yahya Khan declared:
"Kill 3 million of them and the rest will eat out of our hands."
Accordingly the Pakistani Army launched Operation Searchlight to "crush" Bengali resistance in which Bengali members of military services were disarmed and killed, students and the intelligentsia systematically liquidated and able-bodied Bengali males just picked up and gunned down. And most of Hindu Areas were targeted and men were killed and women were Raped and Children were left wounded , Nearly 200,000 women were Raped . In between Bangladesh also suffered by cyclone which made Millions of people to die due to malnutrition . And also also Thousands lost their life for cholera.
INDIA SPONSORED REBELS
When millions crossed the border, Indian Government Started Aiding them, But situation got worse day by day . And also Indira Gandhi wanted to help the Rebels and End the Genocide , so India Actively Sponsored Rebels MUKTI BAHINI and gave them Military aid .
NIXON'S Political stand
Nixon's Foreign Policies were very different from his predecessors , He wanted to make peace with Russia And China , He signed SALT , He tried to Establish a stable relation between USA and USSR , But Russia seemed very reluctant. But USA-CHINA Friendship went well, Nixon opened trade with CHINA.
China had a very good relationship with Pakistan ,Especially After Sino-India War .And USA used Pakistan as a link between them and China . Nixon personally liked Pakistan Prime minister Yahya khan which added to America's Anti-Indian Stand on those days.
Though Nehru announced that India will be on a Neutral side ,he himself is a strong socialist .Thus this made India to tilt a little bit on the sides of Russia .So,This made USA to sponsor and help Pakistan ,Since they don't USSR to establish it's hand in the East.In addition to that Nixon had a strong animosity today Indira Gandhi , and strong affection towards Pakistan President Yahya khan , Thus his personal interests reflected very much on the Nation's foreign policies.
Nixon 's conversation with National Security Adviser Kissinger in Oval office , reveals his bad chemistry towards Indians and Mrs. Indira Gandhi
"This is just the point when she is such a bitch," Nixon begins without preamble in an Oval Office conversation with Kissinger on November 5, 1971, referring to Mrs Gandhi's efforts to rouse international opinion and US conscience over the bloodletting in East Pakistan. "Well, the Indians are bastards anyway," responds Kissinger without much prompting. "They are starting a war there. It's—to them East Pakistan is no longer the issue."
When Kissinger informed Nixon about the Message from America's Ambassador to India, Kenneth keating to help Indians to wipe out Pakistanis from West Pakistan , Nixon Replied ,
"I don't want him to come in with that kind of jackass thing with me... Keating, like every ambassador who goes over there and fall in love with the Indians."
INDIA ENTERS IN TO A DIRECT WAR
Since Atrocities and genocide of Pakistan Army continued ,India was left with less choices , so It Thus enters in to a Direct War . Nixon and Pakistan Wanted China to Attack India, But China Refused saying that the situation was not the same as it was during Sino-India war ,when china attacked India surprisingly but then India was very Alert that time ,Mrs.Indira Gandhi made real smart moves of waiting and bearing the Pakistan Army's Atrocities till Indian Army was set to fight , all the border - borders with china , Pakistan were Armed heavily . when Every thing was set , India decisively defeated Pakistan Army and liberated Bangladesh
India took 90,000 Armed men of Pakistan Army as Prisoners of war, which was the second highest headcount after world war 2 .
USA's Funny moves towards the end of the war
The United States supported Pakistan both politically and materially. US President Richard Nixon denied getting involved in the situation, saying that it was an internal matter of Pakistan, but when Pakistan's defeat seemed certain, Nixon sent the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise to the Bay of Bengal, a move deemed by the Indians as a nuclear threat. Enterprise arrived on station on 11 December 1971. On 6 and 13 December, theSoviet Navy dispatched two groups of ships, armed with nuclear missiles, from Vladivostok , after that USA retreated .
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References
http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2014/03/26/gary-j-bass-nixon-knew-of-the-massacre-in-bangladesh/
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Images has been Taken from Wikipedia
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